Reproducibility package: UWCA semantic multiple access (TWC submission)

2026-08-25 17:55:00 +09:00
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+"""
+Real-data validation v2 (self-contained; no heavy import).
+sklearn digits (8x8=64-dim REAL images) -> mean-centered, unit-normalized
+embeddings.  Mean removal decorrelates the shared ink/DC structure so the LOW
+scenario attains genuinely low inter-user relevance.
+
+Adds the downstream task-accuracy metric (nearest class-prototype) alongside
+SER and mean cosine, and reports the empirical beta_uv per scenario.
+"""
+import numpy as np
+from sklearn.datasets import load_digits
+
+RNG = np.random.default_rng(7)
+U, D = 4, 64
+DPU = D // U
+MASKS = np.zeros((U, D))
+for u in range(U):
+    MASKS[u, u*DPU:(u+1)*DPU] = 1.0
+NOMA_POWER = np.array([0.40, 0.30, 0.20, 0.10])
+TAU = 0.45
+
+X, y = load_digits(return_X_y=True)
+X = X.astype(np.float64)
+X = X - X.mean(0, keepdims=True)                       # remove shared DC structure
+X = X / (np.linalg.norm(X, axis=1, keepdims=True) + 1e-8)
+by_class = {c: X[y == c] for c in range(10)}
+# class prototypes (gallery) for the downstream nearest-prototype classifier
+PROTO = np.stack([by_class[c].mean(0) for c in range(10)])
+PROTO = PROTO / (np.linalg.norm(PROTO, axis=1, keepdims=True) + 1e-8)
+
+def _norm(E): return E / (np.linalg.norm(E, axis=-1, keepdims=True) + 1e-8)
+def cos_sim(Eh, Eg): return (Eh * Eg).sum(-1)
+
+def se_channel(E, snr_db):
+    n = E.shape[0]
+    X_ = E * MASKS[None]; Ytx = X_.sum(1)
+    h = np.sqrt(RNG.standard_normal((n, U, 1))**2 + RNG.standard_normal((n, U, 1))**2) * np.sqrt(0.5)
+    nstd = np.sqrt(float(np.mean(Ytx**2)) / (10**(snr_db/10)))
+    return h * Ytx[:, None, :] + RNG.standard_normal((n, U, D)) * nstd
+
+def ofdma_decode(Yrx):
+    return np.stack([_norm(Yrx[:, u, :] * MASKS[u]) for u in range(U)], 1)
+
+def noma_channel(E, snr_db):
+    n = E.shape[0]
+    h = np.sqrt(RNG.standard_normal((n, U, 1))**2 + RNG.standard_normal((n, U, 1))**2) * np.sqrt(0.5)
+    w = E * np.sqrt(NOMA_POWER)[None, :, None] * h
+    yv = w.sum(1)
+    nstd = np.sqrt(float(np.mean(yv**2)) / (10**(snr_db/10)))
+    return yv + RNG.standard_normal((n, D)) * nstd, h
+
+def noma_sic(yv, h):
+    n = yv.shape[0]; Eh = np.zeros((n, U, D)); res = yv.copy()
+    for u in range(U):
+        z = res / (h[:, u, :] + 1e-8); Eh[:, u, :] = _norm(z)
+        res -= h[:, u, :] * np.sqrt(NOMA_POWER[u]) * Eh[:, u, :]
+    return Eh
+
+def uwca_decode(Yrx, beta_mat):
+    R = Yrx[:, :, None, :] * MASKS[None, None]
+    a = beta_mat.copy(); np.fill_diagonal(a, 1.0); a /= a.sum(1, keepdims=True) + 1e-8
+    ctx = np.einsum('ui,buid->bud', a, R)
+    return np.stack([_norm(ctx[:, u, :]) for u in range(U)], 1)
+
+SCEN = {'HIGH': [3, 3, 3, 3], 'LOW': [0, 1, 7, 4], 'MIX': [3, 3, 8, 1]}
+
+def sample_users(n, ca):
+    return np.stack([by_class[ca[u]][RNG.integers(0, len(by_class[ca[u]]), n)] for u in range(U)], 1)
+
+def empirical_beta(ca, n=4000):
+    E = sample_users(n, ca)
+    B = np.einsum('nud,nvd->uv', E, E) / n
+    return B
+
+def downstream_acc(Eh, labels):
+    # labels: (U,) true class per user; Eh: (n,U,D)
+    sims = np.einsum('nud,cd->nuc', _norm(Eh), PROTO)   # (n,U,10)
+    pred = sims.argmax(-1)                               # (n,U)
+    return (pred == np.array(labels)[None, :]).mean()
+
+def run(scen, snr, n_mc=400):
+    ca = SCEN[scen]; bm = empirical_beta(ca); bmc = bm.copy(); np.fill_diagonal(bmc, 0.0); bmc = np.clip(bmc, 0, None)
+    M = {'OFDMA': [0,0,0], 'NOMA-SIC': [0,0,0], 'UWCA': [0,0,0]}  # ser, cos, acc
+    for _ in range(n_mc):
+        E = sample_users(64, ca)
+        Y = se_channel(E, snr); Eh = ofdma_decode(Y)
+        M['OFDMA'][0]+=(cos_sim(Eh,E)<TAU).mean(); M['OFDMA'][1]+=cos_sim(Eh,E).mean(); M['OFDMA'][2]+=downstream_acc(Eh,ca)
+        yv,h = noma_channel(E,snr); Eh = noma_sic(yv,h)
+        M['NOMA-SIC'][0]+=(cos_sim(Eh,E)<TAU).mean(); M['NOMA-SIC'][1]+=cos_sim(Eh,E).mean(); M['NOMA-SIC'][2]+=downstream_acc(Eh,ca)
+        Y = se_channel(E, snr); Eh = uwca_decode(Y, bmc)
+        M['UWCA'][0]+=(cos_sim(Eh,E)<TAU).mean(); M['UWCA'][1]+=cos_sim(Eh,E).mean(); M['UWCA'][2]+=downstream_acc(Eh,ca)
+    return {k:[v[i]/n_mc for i in range(3)] for k,v in M.items()}
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    print("=== REAL-DATA v2 (mean-centered sklearn digits, d=64) ===")
+    for scen in ['HIGH', 'LOW', 'MIX']:
+        B = empirical_beta(SCEN[scen]); off = B[~np.eye(U, dtype=bool)]
+        print(f"\n[{scen}] empirical beta_uv (mean off-diag cosine) = {off.mean():.3f} "
+              f"(min {off.min():.3f}, max {off.max():.3f})")
+        for snr in [0, 10, 20]:
+            r = run(scen, snr)
+            s = "  ".join([f"{m}: SER={r[m][0]:.3f} cos={r[m][1]:.3f} acc={r[m][2]:.3f}" for m in ['OFDMA','NOMA-SIC','UWCA']])
+            print(f"   SNR={snr:3d}dB  {s}")
+    print("\nDONE.")